"Prevention is better than cure." Out of a country's health budget, a large proportion should be diverted from treatment to spending on health education and prevention measures.

Nowadays, technology and science is improving so fast, along with these improvements people would face new difficulties in different fields.
One of these problems is people's health.

In the first glance, it seems very difficult for us to draw a quick conclusion that a large proportion of country's budget should be focused on prevention or treatment.

Today, in all over the world people may face new diseases that don't have any solutions, So government and people all together try to find out ways of treatment and specific medicines. Also government should spend more health budget to cure people who suffer from a new disease.
For an instance, a few years ago a kind of flue as a chronic and infectious sickness spread widely in Japan and government had to spend a lot of money to survive the country.

Bu in my point of view, before suffering an unknown illness, all of us have to think about prevention measures instead of trying to find medicines.
Government should spend more money on health education services and teach everyone to protect him/her self from sicknesses, as well.
Media like T.V, internet, radio and newspapers play an important role in the society's awareness about prevention measures. Therefore, they should be aware and up-to-date and learn different ways of prevention.

Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that, prevention is better than cure. We can save money and time with prevention measures instead of spending more time to find some ways for treatment.
Because it's easy to prevent ourselves from diseases but it's hard to predict, once if you suffer from a disease, is there any solution or medicine to recover?

Fatherhood ought to be emphasized as much as motherhood. The idea that women are solely responsible for deciding whether or not to have babies leads on to the idea that they are also responsible for bringing the children up.

Parents play a very important role in children’s lives. Therefore in the first glance, it’s very difficult for us to draw a quick conclusion that fatherhood ought to be emphasized as much as motherhood is wrong or right.

Some people believe that mothers give birth a baby, so there are more responsible for their children than fathers. But others may hold another opinion about it.

I personally think, mothers and fathers both are responsible for their children equally.

Nowadays, life style is changing and mothers and fathers have to work outside homes. They should work long hours for providing their financial requirements. In this way, it’s very difficult for parents to bring their children up in the right way and spend more time with them.

Today, grandparents bring up the children. It’s not a very good idea, because parents are the best teachers for their children and nothing can be compared with their roles. Although women are more involved than men in children’s lives, both of them should spend plenty of their time with their kids.

We can see, children from good and nuclear families have more chances to succeed in the future life, because the relationship between members of the family is very important and can affect children’s lives, behaviors and reactions.

Working outside and making money isn’t enough for whole family and money can’t buy important experiences, good behaviors and emotional feelings.

Taking into account of all these factors, we may the conclusion that women aren’t solely responsible for children or deciding whether or not to have babies. Both men and women are responsible for their lives and children’s lives and these are their duties. So I think, they should be ready to have a baby and accept all responsibilities.

The chart below shows the amount of leisure time enjoyed by men and women of different employment status.

The chart gives information about hours of leisure time between men and women by their employment status in 1998-99.

People in unemployed and retired categories enjoyed their leisure time in comparison with other categories in the table. In both unemployed and retired, men enjoyed their leisure time more than 80 hours in a week. And women had approximately more than 70 hours leisure time during a week, but less than men's leisure time.

Employed men in a full-time job had near 50 hours free time whereas women's leisure time was about 37 hours in a typical week.

As we can see, surprisingly there are no employed part-time men but women in part-time jobs had near 40 hours leisure time a little bit more than women in full-time jobs.

Generally, housewives had approximately 50 hours leisure time in a week in 1998-99 and there are no househusbands.

In sum up, the chart shows men in all categories enjoyed their leisure time more than women. Perhaps this information wanted to cite, women spend more time at home for house working and they enjoy their leisure time about 10 hours less than men.

"IELTS 2 , Test 2 , Writing Task 1"

The table below shows the consumer durables(telephone,refrigerator,etc) owned in Britain from 1972 to 1983.

The table illustrates the percentage of British households with the consumer durables from 1972 to 1983.
As we can see in the table, there was steadily increase in all consumer durables. Telephone ownership had the most increase among others about 35% from 1972 to 1983. Next came central heating from 37% in 1972 to 64% in 1983.
In the same period, we can see 21% increase in using the refrigerators. During this period of time, households with vacuum cleaners increased about 18% and washing machine ownership has increased from 66% to 80%, totally it has increased near 14%. At this time consumer durables like television and dishwasher increased about 5% and 2% respectively.
But only in 1983, people used videos about 18%.

The significant social changes reflected in the statistics are that the consumption of central heating and telephone in British houses rose significantly among other devices. The big increases in the ownership of these kinds of devices show that people want to live comfortably.

"IELTS 2, Test 1, Writing Task 1"

The Idea of having a single career is becoming an old fashioned one. The new fashion will be to have several careers or ways of earning money and further education will be something that continues throughout life.

Nowadays, technology has developed enormously and people should learn lots of skills during their lives. Changing technology affects every thing like industry, economy even life style and people's attitudes.

All different difficulties or problems will grew quickly with changing technology, so they have to keep pace with lots of changes.

As far as I'm concerned, in the past people used to live together simply, they used to work in farms and have their own businesses. They used to make money easily and it was sufficient to know about their single profession not multi-skill like today.

In contrast with living in the past, these days many companies and manufacturers attract multi-talented people for their jobs, so people with lower education and skills may lose their jobs. Hence it's quite impossible to get a good job without higher education and multiple skills, so people will have to have several careers and work for long hours to gain money for providing their families' desires.

I personally think jobs and careers are more technical and difficult than the past and so are earning money. It makes each person to learn lots of skills and knowledge for his/her own profession.

Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that education plays a crucial role in human's life. Many technical institutes are running for teaching and training. It's an opportunity to learn computer skills or other knowledge for people who want a better job and make good money.

Therefore, in my point of view along with education, technical skills can improve and people with higher qualification and extensive technical skills have a better chance to get good jobs and make good money and reach their goals.

Traffic Jam Causes

Nowadays, Traffic Congestion is one of the major problems of mega cities.During a day people are stuck in the heavy traffic and it's really boring.Every year millions of energy spent on.People suffer from some diseases and traffic jam causes lung cancer.In this article,I will be outlining Car production and Public Transportation as two major causes of traffic jam.

The major reason that leads  to traffic congestion is Car Production. The high number of vehicles is caused by the population and the development of economy. For instance,in my country, there are some factories that produce some cars that have a low quality and people who aren't rich buy these vehicles;Therefore, the number of cars has increased and the citizens use their own cars. To solve this problem, the government should encourage people to use public transportation or make tax on private vehicles or restrict  the number of vehicles for each family.These methods may be effective in fact.

 Public Transportation is the second reason for increasing traffic. By having a high quality of public vehicles,people will be encouraged to utilize public vehicles instead of using their private cars.The government plays an important role on improving the quality and the number of public vehicles should be increased and they should make an investment in the traffic facilties. Namely, the public transport needs improvement to become more modern and convenient. In addition, it is useful to build overpasses and more lanes in the streets.

To sum up,In this article we discussed in the above set paragraphs that public transportation and car production are two major causes of traffic jam.To the best of my mind,Car Production is more important than Public Transportation because by reducing the number of cars,people are forced to use the Public Transportation.

Writing Task 1 : The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects up-to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts.

This diagram shows that how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects information on the weather for producing reliable forecasts. Before broadcasting any news or information, there are some steps to prepare information for example the weather report.

First of all, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology should gather some information via many ways or devices like satellite, radar, drifting buoy.

After gathering information, there is another step that is Analysis and forecasting. In this step, they should analyse
the information in some ways, they might use satellite photo, radar screen or synoptic chart for analyzing.

Next, they should prepare the broadcast with computers. So computers and maybe Internet would play a very important role in this process. They can edit and format news and publish it as well.

Then, news, the weather reports and etc can be broadcasted by T.V newsreader, radio, sometimes recorded announcement.
In a word, this is the steps for preparing up-to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts.

The charts below the results of a survey of adult education. The first chart shows the reasons why adults decide to study. The pie chart shows how people think the costs of adult education should be shared.

The first graph shows that adults decide to study for some reasons, nearly 40% of adults study for interesting in subject. But this percentage gradually decline by 9-12% basis   are based on reasons. So 9% of people just study for meeting people.

The result of a survey of adult education in this graph shows that 38-40% of people‘s studying is for gaining qualifications and interesting in subject. In contrast with, only 12% of them are studying to be able to change their jobs.

Approximately 20-22% of adults study because  for the following reasons, including: they enjoy learning/studying, they want to improve prospects of promotion and they think their educations are helpful for their current job.

The pie chart shows that the how costs of each course should be shared but the maximum these costs is individual that is covered by 40% and the minimum of these costs should be provided by taxpayer nearly 25% of it. Employers can support the costs by 35%  . About 40% of the cost of each course should be paid by individuals, employers will help the pay for about 35% and taxpayers can only afford 25% of the share.

To sum up, most adults study for interesting in subject and the maximum amount of the costs of each course should be provided individually so these people should prepare their education costs.

Describe a custom from your country that you would like people from other countries to adopt

Each country has its own customs and traditions. This custom has been practiced for generations and it is considered as a part of the local culture.Some customs are useful for others to follow.In my country one of the most important customs that I would like people from other countries to adopt is "Nowruz".

Nowruz is the name of the New Year in Iranian calendar. It marks the first day of spring and beginning the year in Iranian calendar and it lasts for 13 days. It is to some extent international since it is celebrated in other countries as well,especially those around Iran. Moreover, It is accepted by the United Nations as an international festival.

It is a time of great joy for people.Before Nowruz ,people do house cleaning and it is a part of preparations for the new year.On the last Tuesday before it ,bonfires are lit to jump over and children gather coins. Typically, on the first day of Nowruz, family members gather around the table, with the Haft Seen on the table or set next to it, and await the exact moment of the arrival of the spring. At that time gifts are exchanged. On the eve of the New Year or the next day, the younger members of the family visit the elderly and exchange gifts and presents. Usually they have a formal lunch or dinner together and express the best wishes for each other for the coming year. The last day of the ceremony, that is the 13^th of the New Year, people go to the country to respect nature and to remove evil fate from their lives.

In my opinion, in Nowruz people are happy and children are delighted. It wipes out the enmity and brings joy and friendship to all. People have the opportunity to relax, leave their troubles and worries behind. They can enjoy the nature and go on a trip to other parts of the country or travel abroad.

In summary, I would like to recommend "Nowruz", one of the most important customs in Iran, for people around the world and it would benefit many countries all around the world, so that they can enjoy the present moments.

The 21st century has begun.What changes do you think this new century will bring?

The 21st century has begun, before it happens there were a lot of predictions about its coming. Some people predicted the end of the world and others predicted some changes and events.

I think this century will bring lots of changes in all the fields that are very important in our lives. They have a lot of effects on our lives in very different fields. There are both positive and negative aspects that would mention below.

First of all, in the near future computer controlled robots and machines may replace manual labor and the use of human efforts because of technology improvements. For instance,  we can expect a big change on transportation system.Cars and trains would be changed to the faster and automatic ones. They won't need any drivers and we may take a long distance just in some minutes. The c Computers will improve and they may work with our voice and do our orders without our interferences.

About the next case, the new century will bring some improvements in healthcare and medical science. There are some threatening diseases without any exact remedy like cancers and AIDS, so I expect new century to bring the good solutions for these kinds of illnesses. Moreover , I suppose, we will have lots of artificial parts of human body for replacing into patients ' body  bodies.

Finally, I hope the 21st century to bring some changes in education system like virtual and online schools and universities.
In spite of the fact that we will have a lot of improvements in the near future,there would be some difficulties like new diseases, growing population, lack of energy and fuel or gas. The world has some public problems that can affect our lives in every where such as global warming, air pollution, unknown diseases and catastrophe like earthquake, tsunami and flood. Thus, I hope new century to bring some exact solutions for these problems to save people's lives. For example prediction of earthquake and tsunami before happening is one of these solutions that people need in all over the world.

Taking into account of all these factors we may reach the conclusion that new century will definitely bring some changes in our lives with both positive and negative aspects. All of us have some predictions about future, but no one knows that what is exactly waiting for us in the near future.

When people need to complain about a product or poor service, some prefer to complain in writing and others prefer to complain in person.Which way do you prefer?

There are several ways for people to express their dissatisfaction about a product or poor service. Depending on  personal experiences, lifestyle and emotional concerns, we can find that some people prefer to express their discontent by writing a letter, while others prefer to complain in person.

In my perspective, both ways are good in their situation situations and both of them have some advantages and disadvantages.

About the first way, I think it's easy to write a complaint as a letter and send it to a seller or manager who you bought a product or got a service from. But in some situations it seems pretty difficult to write and explain a problem as a letter. Managers or sellers might not have enough time to read the mail.

So it takes a long time to consider. Moreover, if they can read the complaint they wouldn't interact with you easily therefore they should write another letter for asking some question about that issue when they need.

On the other hand, it’s easy to communicate with sellers or managers then complain about problems. Through this way, we can easily approach them, and then tell them what is wrong with a product or service. 

They can ask us related questions about the problem as well. We can explain a problem. This is a face-to-face interact interaction or meeting that can be more effective and helpful than other ways.

But in this way we should consider some points. We should respect all staff and speak politely and explain carefully and we shouldn't argue with them.

All the factors mentioned above determine me to draw the conclusion that is obviously better to complain about a bad quality product or poor service in person rather than in writing , because we can easily approach a person who is responsible for a company or store or place. Hence it is our duty to complain but in a right way and politely.

Some people like to do only what they already do well, other people prefer to try new things and take risks.Which do you prefer?

In all society societies, people who live together, have a different kind of life. They choose different ways to live.
Depending on personal experiences and personality types, some people like to choose a simple way for their lives without taking any risks or trying new things While while others prefer to try different ways for gaining new experiences from new things or new ways.

About the first group, I should say, they are the kind of people who want to do what they already do well and have enough experiences about that.
They usually follow the routine way, because they did something well about that. This group of people don'tdoesn't want to try new things and take risks. After a long time, this type of life would become boring.

I think another group are is brave and curious. They like to gain a lot of different experiences from new things.They  don't afraid of taking risks in their lives as well. Furthermore this kind of people like to pursue the changes and variation and don't have any fear of them, although there are some difficulties  and obstacles in their lives.
In addition, I think that this group don'tdoesn't like monotony in their lives in contrast with people who follow the same way in their lives and like a calm and routine life without any up and down ups and downs.

In my opinion, taking risks or trying new things need some information and thoughts.Therefore, Bbefore taking risks, people should think about that and make a wise decision.

For myself, I have to take a risk when I need. For an instance, I have a job, but my job havehas become boring and routine. I need a promotion in my job and I should learn new subjects. So I should change my job and try a new one. This is a risky way but if I do the right things and think about it before anything I would gain new experiences and self confidence. Finally I can learn something new from my faults and overcome my fear.

Taking into account of all these factors and elements we may reach the conclusion that taking risks and trying new things need thoughts and information.
So people should consider about their abilities and capacities before anything.

Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life.Others think that the automobile has caused serious problems.What's your opinion?

Depending on personal experience, personality type we find that some people think, the automobile is so important for modern life meanwhile others believe that this technology creates serious problems.

In my point of view it is more advisable to choose this idea that "the automobile has improved modern life" rather than it has caused lots of problems. I think all technologies have some advantages and some disadvantages. All of them improve our lives although they can create some problems, but we should learn how to use them.
Automobiles benefit our lives with their speed and movement.Therefore you can change your place to every where , every time you like very quickly. You can travel from one city to another that are far from each other in a few hours. This technology has changed life to a faster , more convenient and easier style.

For example, imagine ! you are in a mission in another city, you've received a phone call from home, "your mother is too sick".You should get back home as soon as possible, how can you get back home without automobiles? How long does your travel take without automobiles?

For another instance, when a place is burning in fire, how can firefighters reach that place to help ?
The main reason of my idea is that automobiles save a lot of time and energy for every person and they can affect someone's life directly.

In short, the answers to the question above are benefits of automobile, although this technology creates serious problems like traffic congestion and air pollution. I think it has improved our lives , but we should learn how to use and gain all the best advantages.

If you could meet a famous entertainer or athlete , who would that be and why ?

Every person has a hero or a famous one in the real world , who likes to meet , for a lot of different reasons.
The answer of this statement depends on your own experiences, opinions and life style. I like someone who is one  of the most successful businessmen in the world. He is one of the wealthiest people as well.

My famous one is William Henry Bill Gates who is the chairman of Microsoft corporation, the most famous software company in the world.
If I could have an opportunity to meet him, I would ask him about his success. In my opinion he is a genius with a lot of perseverance, he got to know computers when he was 13 years old.
I read some magazines and news about him, his I.Q is about 160 considering that most people are between 85 and about 120 . He was one of the first programmer  in the past. He and his friend worked on a project as a software for MIST company and they did the project in eight days.

After establishing Microsoft, he worked days and nights to produce softwares. He believed that each home should have a Personal Computer. Therefore he determined hid main goal and finally he reached his goal with a lot of perseverance and hard work. Gates is very competitive person , because his company has a powerful competitor called IBM however Microsoft has a lot of nonstop improvement every day .

recently, Bill Gates and his wife established his own charity organization. They help poor people and provide funds for global problems that are ignored by governments and organizations.

In short, I really like to meet Bill Gates, because I believe this meeting would bring a lot of experiences for me and affect my life style.
I would learn lots of thins and this is one of my dreams.

Which would you choose : a high-paying job with long hours that would give you little time with family and friends or a lower-paying job with shorter hours that would give you more time with family and friends?

Depending on personal experiences, personality type and emotional concern people believe that working is an important part of their lives. But some of them believe that they should have a job with high salary and others prefer to spend most of their time with their family and friends. They prefer lower-paying jobs with short working hours.

In my point of view, each person can choose one of the high-paying jobs with long working hours and lower-paying jobs with short working hours in each part of his/her life. For this decision, each person has some reasons. For example, a man wants to get married, before his marriage, he need some money. So he chooses a high-paying job and prefers to spend a few time for himself or his family because he needs to save some money at this time for his life and his future.
After some time, he may change his idea or his job because of some reasons that he has like being with children, family and any other reasons. Therefore he decides to choose a job with shorter hours.

For myself, I have a full time job with long working hours, I have a good income. But, now, I need to study so hard for an exam. I need more free time for studying. So I decided to change my job but I should accept a low income before everything.

Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that choosing between a high-paying job with long hours that gives us short time with family and a lower-paying job with short time of working  depends on the situation.
In short, it depends on a person's requirements, one's personal experiences, personality type and goals in one's life.

Learning about the past has no value for those of us living in the present. Do you agree or disagree?

Some people prefer to use their experiences to make the future better, others believe that experiences in the past aren't important for their present time or future.

But I think the past and its experiences create the present and the future.I strongly disagree with the statement that learning about the past has no value for the present.There are numerous reasons why I hold no confidence on this. 

For an instance, if you made a wrong decision in the past and walked into a wrong way, you've made some experiences about it undoubtedly. Now you know the reasons of your wrong decision, so if you face with the same situation, you would make a better decision and you wouldn't repeat your mistakes.

As another example, a student  is successful when he/she doesn't repeat previous mistakes and reviews his/her errors to learn the correct answers.

Experiences are like good teachers for people and help them to find and choose a better way in their lives. 

A successful person is someone who have gained valuable information from the past and never do something wrong for the second time.

Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach this conclusion that valuable experiences in the past assure a more fulfilled life for people, if they use them correctly.

There is a quote that says ," The past is history, future is a mystery, today is a gift. That's why we call it the present ".

So we should make the our present life with learning about the past.

  

Some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient.Other people say that computers have made life more complex and stressful !

Computers are devices that were invented by someone to improve the level of people's lives. Computers have changed all parts of life. Some people think that the computers make life easier and more convenient and others think that these make life more complex and stressful.

In my opinion, computers are just programmable devices that can do everything right or by mistakes. So someone created the computer and programmed it how to do the tasks.
Today, doing everything is possible by computers. For example, your family members are away from you, they live in another city or country or even another continent. You can communicate with them easily by computers through the internet. You can see and talk to them every day and share your opinion just like they are in your home.
you can gain knowledge  and a lot of information in a short period of time.You can bye everything that you need, pay your bills without going out by computers.
Nowadays,computerized  machinery  can do physical activities instead of people as well. They save a lot of time and energy and money. But one thing  that's very important is , people need to learn how and where they should use computers and their services.If they know how to use these intelligent machinery, they can get all their tasks done by computer services.
Thereby, life is more convenient and easier than before.
In my point of view, one thing is remaining that is human faults. Human have some faults, they can do the tasks right or they can have a lot of mistakes. All computers were made by a human, So having a fault or error is a normal event.
Imagine ! You 're using an ATM machine, suddenly it crashes and it doesn't give your card back. You shouldn't be mad at the machine .This isn't its fault, It was programmed badly.

Computers came to help us, they made life easy. These devices don't have any complicated problems and they can't make stress for people by themselves.People are responsible for computer operations, So they should learn how to use and program these devices.

What is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today ?

Today's world makes life quite complicated , so people should try to hard gain anything they want.

Success is a part of life that creates satisfaction for people. There is no denying to the fact that success isn't  achieved without the skills.People need to have some skills to be successful in their lives. Although it seems normal but we can't tell which one outweigh the other among the skills.

In my point of view , perseverance  is a skill that is necessary for someone who want to be successful. A perseverant person is someone who try hard to achieve his/her goal and isn't lazy.

For example, in China, every year we can see a lot of improvements in different ways. I think Chinese people are very perseverant, they have a lot of persistence to  achieve something and don't give up easily.

To be a successful person, it's very important to determine a main goal as a target. After that everyone should try  

hard to reach his/her aim even though there a lot of obstacles on the way.

But I think perseverance isn't the only adequate skill, it needs wise decisions. About myself, when I have perseverance, I can have some achievements, which take some efforts. If I have a little indolence, I can't reach my goals easily.

In short, I can say a quote from Einstein, he said that "perseverance is more important than knowledge and wisdom". It's very valuable because you can reach your goal with it.